![]() ![]() ![]() State the stimulus and response in each of the daily activities shown. produces appropriate responses Photographs 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 show examples of daily activities that involve detection of stimuli and production of responses to the stimuli detected.sends information in the form of impulses.31 pairs of spinal nerves connecting the spinal cord to the skeletal muscles N CA P AG E S Spinal cord Peripheral nervous system Figure 1.1 Human nervous system 4 1.1.1 Chapter 1: Stimuli and Responses Functions of the Human Nervous System The human nervous system controls and coordinates organs and parts of the body.12 pairs of cranial nerves connecting the brain to the sensory and internal organs.The human nervous system consists of: Brain Central nervous system Cranial nerves Spinal nerves Peripheral nervous system consists of: What is this process? Structure of the Human Nervous System Look at Figure 1.1. Other than sight, thinking and body movement, the human nervous system also controls and coordinates organ functions in the body and maintains a balanced internal environment through a process. The human nervous system is an important control system in body coordination. 3 The brain then sends impulses to the hand and leg muscles to respond. An impulse is triggered and sent to the brain. In a game of badminton… 1 The movement of the shuttlecock serves as a stimulus that is detected by the eye. Why? Keywords Stimulus Response Spinal cord Peripheral nerve Affector Effector Voluntary action Involuntary action Photoreceptor Taste bud Optical illusion Geotropism Hydrotropism Thigmotropism Nastic movement Stereoscopic vision Monocular vision Stereophonic hearing 3 1.1 Human Nervous System 2 The brain interprets the impulse, estimates the speed of the shuttlecock and determines the direction and the pattern of body movement. If the measured reaction time of a runner is less than 0.1 s, the runner will be disqualified from competing. In the 100 m sprint event at the 2016 Olympics, the reaction time of the gold medal winner, Usain Bolt, was 0.155 s. This time interval is known as the reaction time. The time measuring device measures the time interval between the sound from the loudspeaker and the first push exerted by the runner’s foot against the time measuring device. Why is it healthier for us to exercise during the day than at night? 1 Chapter Chapter 111 Stimuli and Responses What do you know about the human nervous system? How are stimuli related to responses in humans? How are stimuli related to responses in plants? What is the importance of responses to stimuli in animals? Let’s study Human nervous system Stimuli and responses in humans Stimuli and responses in plants Importance of responses to stimuli in animals 2 Science Gallery Loudspeaker Time measuring device The sprint event in international sports competitions such as the Olympics uses loudspeakers and time measuring devices as shown in the above photograph. Name the organs or parts involved in the stimuli and responses based on the photographs shown. ![]() THEME 1 Maintenance and Continuity of Life Humans, animals and plants depend on stimuli and responses for survival. ![]()
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